Īntipersonnel IEDs typically also contain fragmentation-generating objects such as nails, ball bearings or even small rocks to cause wounds at greater distances than blast pressure alone could. IEDs are extremely diverse in design and may contain many types of initiators, detonators, penetrators, and explosive loads. An IED designed for use against armoured targets such as personnel carriers or tanks will be designed for armour penetration, by using a shaped charge that creates an explosively formed penetrator. Īn IED has five components: a switch (activator), an initiator (fuse), container (body), charge (explosive), and a power source (battery). An HME lab refers to a Homemade Explosive Lab, or the physical location where the devices are crafted. IEDs may incorporate military or commercially sourced explosives, and often combine both types, or they may otherwise be made with homemade explosives (HME). In some cases, IEDs are used to distract, disrupt, or delay an opposing force, facilitating another type of attack.
X-ray of a suitcase showing a pipe bomb and a laptopĪn IED is a bomb fabricated in an improvised manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy or incapacitate personnel or vehicles. IEDs were also used frequently by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan Civil War. They were also used in Afghanistan by insurgent groups, and caused over 66% of coalition casualties in the 2001–2021 Afghanistan War.
In the Iraq War (2003–2011), insurgents used IEDs extensively against U.S.-led forces and, by the end of 2007, IEDs were responsible for approximately 63% of coalition deaths in Iraq. IEDs are generally seen in terrorist actions or in asymmetric unconventional warfare by insurgent guerrillas or commando forces in a theatre of operations. IEDs are commonly used as roadside bombs, or homemade bombs. It may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery shell, attached to a detonating mechanism. This Cougar in Al Anbar, Iraq, was hit by a directed charge IED, approximately 90–136 kg (198–300 lb).Īn improvised explosive device ( IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action.
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